Compiled from the AllFrontierGlobal data layer · verified 5 August 2026
One row per economy the data layer actually serves — 161 of them, seventeen fields each, read straight from the site’s tiered country registry. The registry’s own header comment promises “198 countries”; the computed truth is 161, because the registry is a union of five tiers in which the first, richer tier always wins a collision, and 77 baseline rows lose that contest and are never served. We publish the computed number, not the claimed one — the arithmetic is on the methodology page. Where a country has a full profile page, its name links there; fourteen atlas economies (Hong Kong, Kosovo, Palestine and others) have registry rows but no profile page yet, and stay unlinked rather than pointing at nothing.
Pop is millions of people and GDP and Trade are billions of US dollars, all as shipped in the registry — round headline figures for orientation, not statistical releases. FY is the government fiscal year. Blocs and FTAs are membership slugs; FTA lists are populated for 88 of 161 rows (54.7%), and an empty cell means the registry ships it empty, not that the country has no agreements — cross-check the FTAs directory. Diaspora is thousands of nationals abroad per the registry. Tier is provenance: tier 1 rows (12) are the hand-curated deep profiles, tier 2 rows (77, in three vintages) carry fuller macro data, and tier 3 rows (72) are baseline seeds awaiting curation. Distinctives and sectors are the registry’s own editorial shorthand.
Click a header to sort; type to filter. Long text fields (blocs, distinctives, sectors) sort alphabetically; numeric columns sort numerically.
| Economy | Continent | Sub-region | Capital | Pop (m) | GDP ($bn) | Currency | FY | Blocs | FTAs | Trade ($bn) | Trade status | Diaspora (k) | Primary language | Tier | Distinctives | Key sectors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Asia | south asia | Kabul | 42 | 15 | AFN | Jan–Dec | saarc · eco | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Pashto / Dari | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Albania | Europe | balkans | Tirana | 3 | 22 | ALL | Jan–Dec | cefta · nato | eu-albania-saa · cefta | 0.1 | exploring | 0 | Albanian | 2 | EU candidate-country status 2014 + accession-talks opened October 2024 · VAT 20% standard · CIT 15% (raised from 5% small biz Jan 2024) · NATO member since 2009 · regional security anchor · Tourism + agri + textiles + minerals export base · Stable lek currency vs EUR · banking-sector euroisation widespread | textiles + garments · minerals + chromium · tourism + agri |
| Andorra | Europe | europe | Andorra la Vella | 0.1 | 3.4 | EUR | Jan–Dec | — | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Catalan | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Angola | Africa | southern africa | Luanda | 36 | 110 | AOA | Jan–Dec | au · afcfta · sadc · opec-suspended | angola-afcfta · sadc-fta | 2.4 | exploring | 2 | Portuguese | 2 | Oil + diamonds dominant — ~95% of exports · Sub-Saharan #2 oil producer after Nigeria · OPEC withdrawal December 2023 · production-quota disagreement · Lobito Corridor — DRC-Angola-Atlantic rail infrastructure ~$2B+ EU+USA-backed · VAT 14% standard (since Oct 2019) · CIT 25% · oil + mining special regimes · Lusophone-Africa anchor + Indian diaspora minimal but growing services segment | petroleum + crude · diamonds + minerals · iron + agri |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Latam | caribbean | Saint John's | 0.1 | 2 | XCD | Jan–Dec | caricom · oecs · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Armenia | Asia | caucasus | Yerevan | 3 | 22 | AMD | Jan–Dec | eaeu · cis · csto | india-eaeu-fta-exploring | 0.3 | exploring | 1 | Armenian | 2 | EAEU member · Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan customs union · India defence partnership accelerating 2022+ — Pinaka MBRL + AK-203 + Akash JVs · VAT 20% standard · CIT 18% · IT-sector preferential 0% CIT for resident IT · Velvet-Revolution 2018 + EU-leaning trajectory · Russia-relations strain post-2023 · Tech-services + diamond-cutting + brandy export anchors | copper + minerals · IT services · diamond cutting + brandy |
| Australia | Oceania | oceania | Canberra | 27 | 1,675 | AUD | Jul–Jun | cptpp · rcep · g20 | india-australia-ecta · india-australia-cepa | 26 | in-force | 700 | English | 1 | ECTA Dec 2022 · CEPA upgrade in negotiation · SBI 482/189/190 visa pathway · GST 10% · PAYG quarterly · Therapeutic Goods Administration parallel pathway · Critical-minerals partnership signed 2022 | coal · LPG · gold |
| Austria | Europe | eu | Vienna | 9 | 520 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 2.6 | negotiating | 32 | German | 2 | Vienna fintech corridor — Erste Group + Raiffeisen + BAWAG dominate corporate banking · VAT 20% standard + 13%/10% reduced · CIT 23% (reduced from 25% effective Jan 2024) · Federal-state 9-Land structure — labour + procurement vary by Land · Anti-money-laundering FATF aligned — heavier KYC for cross-border services · EU AI Act + GDPR + DSA enforcement coordinated via Datenschutzbehörde DSB | machinery + automotive components · pharmaceutical APIs · specialty chemicals |
| Azerbaijan | Asia | caucasus | Baku | 10 | 78 | AZN | Jan–Dec | cis · eco · gum | india-azerbaijan-engagement | 0.9 | exploring | 0 | Azerbaijani | 2 | INSTC International North-South Transport Corridor — Baku transit anchor · BTC + BTE pipelines — Caspian-to-Mediterranean energy corridor · VAT 18% standard · CIT 20% · oil-gas special tax regime · Manat dollar-peg since 2017 · oil-revenue dollar-buffer · Nagorno-Karabakh post-2023 reintegration · cross-border-trade normalisation | oil + gas · petrochemicals · agri + cotton |
| Bahamas | Latam | caribbean | Nassau | 0.4 | 14 | BSD | Jul–Jun | caricom · commonwealth | caricom · bahamas-eu-epa | 0.0 | exploring | 0 | English | 2 | Tourism-and-financial-services anchor (~50% GDP each cluster) · USD-pegged 1:1 · VAT 10% standard · no income tax + no CIT (offshore) + no capital gains tax · Sand Dollar CBDC October 2020 · first-mover on retail CBDC · Offshore-financial-centre — KYC + AML scrutiny under FATF + OECD · Indian-diaspora minimal · India-Bahamas DTAA in pipeline | tourism + cruise · financial services · salt + petroleum-products refining |
| Barbados | Latam | caribbean | Bridgetown | 0.3 | 6 | BBD | Jan–Dec | caricom · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Belarus | Europe | cis | Minsk | 9 | 72 | BYN | Jan–Dec | eaeu · cis · csto | india-eaeu-fta-exploring | 0.5 | exploring | 0 | Belarusian / Russian | 2 | EAEU member · customs union with Russia + Kazakhstan + Armenia + Kyrgyzstan · Heavy Western sanctions post-2020 elections + 2022 Russia-Ukraine war alignment · VAT 20% standard · CIT 20% · IT-Park HTP residents preferential 0% CIT · Potash global #2 producer (Belaruskali) · oil-refining + petrochemicals base · Russian-affinity political-economy · sanctions-bypass conduit role | potash + chemicals · oil-refining + petrochemicals · machinery + IT services |
| Belize | Latam | caribbean | Belmopan | 0.4 | 3 | BZD | Jan–Dec | caricom · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Benin | Africa | west africa | Porto-Novo | 13.5 | 20 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Bhutan | Asia | south asia | Thimphu | 0.8 | 3 | BTN | Jan–Dec | saarc · bimstec · bbin | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Dzongkha | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Bolivia | Latam | south america | La Paz | 12 | 45 | BOB | Jan–Dec | mercosur · can | india-mercosur-pta-2004 | 0.3 | in-force | 0 | Spanish | 2 | Lithium Triangle anchor (alongside Chile + Argentina) — ~21M tonnes resource base · India-Bolivia lithium MoU 2023 · Mercosur full membership December 2023 (after 11-yr accession process) · VAT 13% standard · CIT 25% · special hydrocarbons + mining tax regimes · State-led economic model — YPFB + Comibol + ENDE state enterprises dominant · Indian generic-pharma exports ~$50M+ annually | natural gas + petroleum · minerals (zinc, silver, lithium) · soybeans + agri |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | balkans | Sarajevo | 3 | 27 | BAM | Jan–Dec | cefta | eu-bih-saa · cefta | 0.1 | exploring | 0 | Bosnian / Croatian / Serbian | 2 | EU candidate-country status December 2022 · accession-talks pending · BAM mark currency-board to EUR fixed parity since 1998 · VAT 17% standard · CIT 10% (lowest in region) · cantonal-municipal variations · Two-Entity governance — Federation BiH + Republika Srpska parallel jurisdictions · Hydropower + minerals + steel (Mittal Steel Zenica) + automotive components | steel + metallurgy · machinery + electrical · wood + furniture |
| Botswana | Africa | south africa | Gaborone | 2.7 | 21 | BWP | Jan–Dec | sacu · sadc · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Tswana | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Brunei | Asia | asean | Bandar Seri Begawan | 0.5 | 15 | BND | Jan–Dec | asean · cptpp · rcep | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Malay | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Bulgaria | Europe | eu | Sofia | 6 | 110 | BGN | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.8 | negotiating | 2 | Bulgarian | 2 | Schengen full-air + sea accession March 2024 · land-borders ongoing · VAT 20% standard · CIT 10% (lowest in EU alongside Hungary 9%) · Currency-board to EUR fixed parity since 1997 · Eurozone accession 2025-2026 · Burgas + Varna Black Sea ports · post-Ukraine war supply-chain pivot · IT-and-services outsourcing — Sofia + Plovdiv hubs growing | IT services + outsourcing · machinery + electrical · agri + wine |
| Burkina Faso | Africa | west africa | Ouagadougou | 23 | 22 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Burundi | Africa | east africa | Gitega | 13 | 3 | BIF | Jan–Dec | eac · comesa · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French / Kirundi | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Cambodia | Asia | asean | Phnom Penh | 17 | 32 | KHR | Jan–Dec | asean · rcep | asean-india-fta · rcep-fta | 0.3 | in-force | 1 | Khmer | 2 | ASEAN + RCEP member — preferential access to 15-economy RCEP block (effective 2022) · VAT 10% standard · CIT 20% · QIP Qualified Investment Project tax holidays up to 9 years · Garment-manufacturing dependency — ~80% of merchandise exports · LDC graduation expected 2027-2029 · loss of EBA Everything But Arms preferences scenario · Dollarisation persistent — USD circulates alongside riel · banking-sector dollar-denominated | garments + textiles · rice + agri · tourism |
| Cameroon | Africa | central africa | Yaoundé | 28 | 50 | XAF | Jan–Dec | cemac · eccas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French / English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Cape Verde | Africa | west africa | Praia | 0.6 | 3 | CVE | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Portuguese | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Central African Republic | Africa | central africa | Bangui | 5.5 | 2.8 | XAF | Jan–Dec | cemac · eccas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French / Sango | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Chad | Africa | central africa | N'Djamena | 17.5 | 13 | XAF | Jan–Dec | cemac · eccas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French / Arabic | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| China | Asia | east asia | Beijing | 1,410 | 17,790 | CNY | Jan–Dec | rcep · sco · brics | rcep-fta | 118.4 | none | 40 | Mandarin | 1 | No FTA · adversarial bilateral posture · PNTR retains MFN tariff base · High-tech import scrutiny via PLI substitution · Yuan settlement constrained by RBI guidance · Hong Kong as workaround conduit | electronics · APIs · machinery |
| Colombia | Latam | south america | Bogotá | 52 | 415 | COP | Jan–Dec | pacific-alliance · can | india-colombia-pta-exploring | 1.1 | exploring | 1 | Spanish | 2 | Pacific Alliance (Mexico-Colombia-Chile-Peru) anchor — India observer status · VAT 19% standard · CIT 35% · digital-services-tax DST 3% (since 2023) · Petroleum + coal + emerald + flowers core export basket · Colombia-Indian pharma generic-market scope — INVIMA regulator alignment with INN · Petro government 2022-2026 — energy-transition + tax-reform trajectory | petroleum + coal · flowers + agri · emeralds + jewellery |
| Comoros | Africa | east africa | Moroni | 0.8 | 1.4 | KMF | Jan–Dec | comesa · arab-league · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Arabic / French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Costa Rica | Latam | central america | San José | 5 | 85 | CRC | Jan–Dec | cafta-dr · sica | india-costa-rica-engagement | 0.4 | exploring | 0 | Spanish | 2 | Intel + HP + IBM + Microsoft + Amazon services-export anchor since 1990s · OECD member June 2021 · Latin America 4th OECD entrant · VAT 13% standard · CIT 30% · Free Zone regime 0% CIT for export-services · 99% renewable electricity · environmental-performance index #1 in LATAM · English-proficient services workforce · BPO + KPO-services industry | IT + business services · medical devices · agri (coffee, banana, pineapple) |
| Croatia | Europe | eu | Zagreb | 4 | 85 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.5 | negotiating | 1 | Croatian | 2 | Eurozone + Schengen accession both January 2023 — full EU integration completed · VAT 25% standard · CIT 18% (10% small enterprises) · digital-nomad visa since 2021 · Adriatic-coast tourism + maritime services — ~20% GDP from tourism · Rimac (EV hypercars + Bugatti partnership) + Infobip + Span IT champions · EU funds 2021-2027 ~€25B (NRRP + Cohesion) · infrastructure + digital | tourism + maritime · machinery + electrical · pharmaceuticals (Pliva) |
| Cuba | Latam | caribbean | Havana | 11 | 110 | CUP | Jan–Dec | alba | cuba-alba | 0.0 | exploring | 0 | Spanish | 2 | USA embargo since 1960 · Helms-Burton Act 1996 extraterritorial reach · Tarea Ordenamiento monetary unification 2021 · CUC eliminated · CUP only · State-dominated economy with limited cuentapropista private-sector emerging · VAT not applied · sales tax variable + CIT 35% · special-zone Mariel preferential · Pharmaceuticals + biotech (Heberprot-P + interferon) + cigars + nickel + remittances | nickel + minerals · pharmaceuticals + biotech · tourism + cigars |
| Cyprus | Europe | eu | Nicosia | 1 | 32 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · eurozone · commonwealth | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.4 | negotiating | 5 | Greek | 2 | India-Cyprus DTAA renegotiated 2016 (effective FY 2018) · CGT-pass-through closed · 60-day Cyprus tax-residency rule (2017+) · favourable for relocated Indian HNW · VAT 19% standard · CIT 12.5% · IP-Box 2.5% effective (after 80% deduction) · Investment Programme Cyprus IPC closed November 2020 · standard non-dom regime continues · Eastern-Mediterranean gas — EastMed pipeline + Israel-Cyprus gas cooperation | financial services + holding companies · tourism · professional services |
| Czech Republic | Europe | eu | Prague | 11 | 335 | CZK | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · nato · v4 | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 2.6 | negotiating | 5 | Czech | 2 | Auto-manufacturing depth — Škoda (VW) + TPCA + Hyundai · ~1.4M units/yr · VAT 21% standard · CIT 21% (raised from 19% Jan 2024) · windfall-tax on banks/energy 60% extended 2024-2025 · Visegrád V4 grouping · CEE manufacturing-cluster anchor · Czech National Bank CNB independent monetary policy — koruna float vs ECB euro · India-Czech BIT lapsed; EU-India BIT negotiations cover going forward | automotive + components · machinery + electrical · chemicals + pharmaceuticals |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | central africa | Kinshasa | 0 | 0 | CDF | Jan–Dec | eccas · sadc · comesa · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Denmark | Europe | eu | Copenhagen | 6 | 410 | DKK | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 3.4 | negotiating | 20 | Danish | 2 | Maersk anchor + Copenhagen ECMS shipping ecosystem · ~17% global container fleet share · Novo Nordisk + Lundbeck + Coloplast pharma anchor — GLP-1 demand drives capacity expansion · VAT 25% standard · CIT 22% · personal income up to 56% (highest OECD) · Danish FSA digital-asset registration regime + EU MiCA aligned 2024-2026 · Wind-power exporter (Vestas global #1) — green-tech corridor with India SECI tenders | shipping services · pharmaceuticals + medical devices · wind-energy components |
| Djibouti | Africa | east africa | Djibouti | 1.1 | 4 | DJF | Jan–Dec | comesa · arab-league · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Arabic / French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Dominica | Latam | caribbean | Roseau | 0.1 | 0.6 | XCD | Jan–Dec | caricom · oecs · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Dominican Republic | Latam | caribbean | Santo Domingo | 11 | 120 | DOP | Jan–Dec | cafta-dr · sica | india-dominican-republic-engagement | 0.4 | exploring | 0 | Spanish | 2 | Caribbean largest economy (~$120B) · tourism-and-services anchor · VAT (ITBIS) 18% standard · CIT 27% · Free Zone regime 0% effective for export · Free Zones — ~70+ industrial-zones · ~190K jobs · ~70% of exports · Remittances ~$10B/yr (~7% of GDP) from US-diaspora ~2M+ · Mining (gold + nickel) + medical-devices export base | tourism + services · medical devices + Free Zones · mining (gold + nickel) |
| Ecuador | Latam | south america | Quito | 18 | 120 | USD | Jan–Dec | can | india-ecuador-pta-exploring | 1 | exploring | 1 | Spanish | 2 | Dollarised economy — adopted USD in 2000 · removes currency risk for cross-border · Petroleum + banana + shrimp + cocoa + flowers anchor exports · VAT 12% standard (raised to 15% mid-2024 fiscal-emergency) · CIT 25% · ICE excise variable · Pacific Alliance accession applicant — observer status since 2018 · Noboa government 2023+ — security crisis + fiscal-stabilisation trajectory | petroleum + crude · bananas + shrimp + cocoa · flowers + agri |
| El Salvador | Latam | central america | San Salvador | 6.4 | 33 | USD | Jan–Dec | cafta-dr · sica | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Spanish | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Equatorial Guinea | Africa | central africa | Malabo | 1.7 | 13 | XAF | Jan–Dec | cemac · eccas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Spanish / French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Eritrea | Africa | east africa | Asmara | 3.7 | 2.5 | ERN | Jan–Dec | au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Tigrinya / Arabic | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Estonia | Europe | eu | Tallinn | 1 | 40 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.2 | negotiating | 1 | Estonian | 2 | e-Residency programme since 2014 — ~120K e-residents · digital-only company formation · Digital Nomad Visa pioneer (since 2020) · 1-year stay for remote workers · VAT 22% (raised from 20% Jan 2024) · CIT 22% on distributed profits only (no tax on retained) · Skype + Wise (formerly TransferWise) + Bolt + Pipedrive Estonian-founder ecosystem · NATO + EU + Eurozone full-stack · ~3% GDP defence spending | IT services + e-government · wood + paper · electronics + telecom |
| Eswatini | Africa | south africa | Mbabane | 1.2 | 5 | SZL | Jan–Dec | sacu · sadc · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Swazi | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Fiji | Oceania | oceania | Suva | 0.9 | 5.5 | FJD | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Fijian | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Finland | Europe | eu | Helsinki | 6 | 305 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 1.6 | negotiating | 15 | Finnish / Swedish | 2 | Nokia + Wärtsilä + Kone industrial anchor — telecom + marine + elevators · VAT 24% standard · CIT 20% · favourable holding-company regime under EU Parent-Subsidiary · NATO accession April 2023 — defence procurement realignment opens Indian Tata-Boeing-style JVs · Pre-existing Bilateral Investment Treaty India-Finland 2002 (Ratan Tata-era anchor) · Forest-and-paper exporter — eucalyptus pulp imports from Indian/Brazilian sources growing | telecom equipment · marine + power systems · paper + pulp |
| Gabon | Africa | central africa | Libreville | 2.4 | 21 | XAF | Jan–Dec | cemac · eccas · au · afcfta · opec | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Gambia | Africa | west africa | Banjul | 2.6 | 2.4 | GMD | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Georgia | Asia | caucasus | Tbilisi | 4 | 30 | GEL | Jan–Dec | gum · dcfta-eu | eu-georgia-dcfta-2014 | 0.2 | exploring | 1 | Georgian | 2 | EU candidate-country status December 2023 · accession-talks pending · VAT 18% standard · CIT 15% on distributed profits only (Estonian-style) · BTC + BTE + Baku-Supsa pipelines + Black Sea Poti port — INSTC corridor anchor · Wine production ~8,000-yr-old (oldest archaeological evidence) · Visa-free entry for Indian passport (since 2017) + 1-year stay | mining + ferro-alloys · agri + wine · transit logistics |
| Germany | Europe | eu | Berlin | 84 | 4,456 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato · g7 | india-eu-tepa | 26.8 | negotiating | 250 | German | 1 | CE marking + REACH chemical compliance · German Mittelstand long sales cycle · Works council co-determination on hires >5 · VAT 19% with reverse-charge B2B · Skilled Immigration Act Blue Card path | engineering goods · pharmaceuticals · automotive components |
| Greece | Europe | eu | Athens | 10 | 238 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 1.2 | negotiating | 13 | Greek | 2 | Greek-shipping ~21% global merchant fleet by deadweight tonnage — Indian crew anchor · Piraeus port — IMEC corridor European anchor (post G20 Delhi MoU Sept 2023) · VAT 24% standard · CIT 22% · digital-nomad 50% income-tax exemption 7-yr (since 2021) · Golden Visa programme active (€250K-€800K thresholds tier-by-region · revised August 2024) · EU + Eurozone + NATO triangulation with Indian-Mediterranean strategic positioning | shipping services · tourism · olive oil + agri-food |
| Grenada | Latam | caribbean | Saint George's | 0.1 | 1.2 | XCD | Jan–Dec | caricom · oecs · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Guatemala | Latam | central america | Guatemala City | 17.7 | 105 | GTQ | Jan–Dec | cafta-dr · sica | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Spanish | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Guinea | Africa | west africa | Conakry | 14 | 22 | GNF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Guinea-Bissau | Africa | west africa | Bissau | 2.1 | 2 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Portuguese | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Guyana | Latam | south america | Georgetown | 1 | 22 | GYD | Jan–Dec | caricom · commonwealth | caricom · guyana-eu-epa | 0.3 | exploring | 300 | English | 2 | Indo-Guyanese diaspora ~40% of population · India-Guyana DTAA + cultural agreements · Stabroek Block oil discoveries 2015+ · ExxonMobil-Hess JV · production from 2019 · GDP growth global #1 2022-2024 (~38% in 2022) on oil-boom · VAT 14% standard · CIT 25-40% sliding · oil-and-gas Production Sharing Agreement PSA · Bauxite + sugar + rice + gold + timber + diamonds traditional base | petroleum + crude · gold + minerals · rice + sugar |
| Haiti | Latam | caribbean | Port-au-Prince | 11.5 | 20 | HTG | Jan–Dec | caricom | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French / Creole | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Honduras | Latam | central america | Tegucigalpa | 10.5 | 33 | HNL | Jan–Dec | cafta-dr · sica | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Spanish | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Hong Kong | Asia | east asia | Hong Kong | 7 | 375 | HKD | Apr–Mar | apec | hk-asean-fta · hk-china-cepa | 26 | none | 43 | English / Cantonese | 2 | Special Administrative Region of China — One-Country-Two-Systems through 2047 · Free port — no tariff on most imports/exports + low CIT 16.5% (8.25% on first HK$2M) · Asia financial hub — HKEX + HKMA + SFC robust regulatory architecture · India-Hong Kong DTAA 2018 (signed November 2018 · in force Nov 2018) · National Security Law June 2020 + Article 23 March 2024 — political-risk premium on operations | financial services · re-export trade · tourism + retail |
| Hungary | Europe | eu | Budapest | 10 | 215 | HUF | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · nato · v4 | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 1.5 | negotiating | 3 | Hungarian | 2 | Auto-manufacturing depth — Audi + BMW + Mercedes + Suzuki + Stellantis · ~480K vehicles/yr · EV-battery hub — CATL + SK + Samsung SDI + Sunwoda gigafactory cluster · VAT 27% (highest in EU) · CIT 9% (lowest in EU) · windfall taxes on banks/energy/retail · Orbán government EU-rule-of-law tensions · funds-suspension cycles 2022-2024 · India-Hungary BIT 2003 + DTAA 2003 — operational treaty stack | automotive + EV batteries · machinery + electronics · pharmaceuticals (Gedeon Richter) |
| Iceland | Europe | efta | Reykjavik | 0.4 | 30 | ISK | Jan–Dec | efta · schengen · nato | india-efta-tepa-2024 | 0.0 | in-force | 0 | Icelandic | 2 | India-EFTA TEPA signed March 2024 · effective ~2025-2026 · alongside Norway/Switzerland/Liechtenstein · VAT 24% standard · CIT 21% · low-energy-cost geothermal-and-hydro power base · Geothermal + hydro 100% renewable electricity · aluminium-smelter export anchor · Tourism boom post-2010 — Reykjavik + Blue Lagoon + Northern Lights · EEA member · EU single-market access without EU membership | aluminium + smelting · seafood + fish · tourism |
| Iraq | Mena | mena | Baghdad | 44 | 270 | IQD | Jan–Dec | arab-league · opec | — | 22.9 | none | 5 | Arabic | 1 | Crude oil dominates one-way trade flow · LC-confirming bank list constrained · Kurdistan Regional Government separate licensing · Sanction overhang on certain entities · Pilgrimage / cultural visa overlay | crude petroleum · rice · tea |
| Ireland | Europe | eu | Dublin | 5 | 560 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · eurozone | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 4.2 | negotiating | 120 | English / Irish | 2 | IT-services hub — TCS + Infosys + Wipro + HCL all major operations · ~120K Indian diaspora · CIT 12.5% standard + 25% passive (until OECD GMT 15% phase-in 2024-2026) · IP-Box regime 6.25% · Common-law system facilitates UK-US-EU triangular structuring · EU + Eurozone access via Dublin · post-Brexit only English-speaking EU member · Critical-Skills Employment Permit fast-track for Indian tech/healthcare professionals | IT services + software · pharmaceuticals + medical devices · dairy + agri-tech |
| Ivory Coast | Africa | west africa | Yamoussoukro | 30 | 80 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta · waemu | ecowas-fta · africa-afcfta | 1 | exploring | 2 | French | 2 | Cocoa global #1 producer (~40% global cocoa) · Côte d Ivoire + Ghana ~60% global supply · CFA franc — fixed peg to EUR (655.957:1) · WAEMU monetary union · VAT 18% standard · CIT 25% · Free Zones + simplified-investment-code regimes · Abidjan major-port + commercial capital · West Africa logistics hub · AGOA + EU EPA + AfCFTA preferences · ECOWAS bloc anchor | cocoa + coffee · petroleum + minerals · rubber + palm oil |
| Jamaica | Latam | caribbean | Kingston | 3 | 17 | JMD | Apr–Mar | caricom · commonwealth | caricom · jamaica-eu-epa | 0.1 | exploring | 40 | English | 2 | Caribbean second-largest economy · CARICOM + CARIFORUM-EU EPA preferences · Bauxite + alumina + tourism + remittances + sugar export base · Indian-origin diaspora ~70K (~3%) · Indo-Caribbean cultural anchor · VAT (GCT) 15% · CIT 25% (33.33% large) · Special Economic Zones SEZ preferential · BPO + IT-services emerging — English-language workforce + USA proximity | bauxite + alumina · tourism · agri + sugar |
| Japan | Asia | east asia | Tokyo | 125 | 4,231 | JPY | Apr–Mar | cptpp · g7 · g20 | india-japan-cepa | 20.6 | in-force | 40 | Japanese | 1 | CEPA 2011 · gradual tariff phase-down still ongoing · Keiretsu supplier loyalty barrier · PMDA pharma + JIS standard certification · Specified Skilled Worker visa expansion · Yen weakness reshapes export competitiveness | petroleum · organic chemicals · machinery |
| Jordan | Mena | levant | Amman | 11 | 50 | JOD | Jan–Dec | arab-league · agadir | jordan-usa-fta · jordan-eu-aa | 1.6 | exploring | 15 | Arabic | 2 | Jordan-USA FTA 2001 · QIZ Qualifying Industrial Zones export to US duty-free · VAT (general sales tax) 16% · CIT 14-30% sliding by sector · Refugee-pressure — ~700K Syrian + ~2M Palestinian refugees · ~40% of population · Pharmaceutical + Dead Sea minerals (potash + phosphate) export base · India-Jordan Strategic Partnership 2017 + DTAA 2010 | pharmaceuticals + medical · potash + phosphate · garments + textiles |
| Kazakhstan | Asia | central asia | Astana | 20 | 265 | KZT | Jan–Dec | eaeu · cis · sco | india-eaeu-fta-exploring | 1.4 | exploring | 5 | Kazakh / Russian | 2 | Uranium-mining global #1 (~40% global production) · India 1st buyer ~25% of mine output · EAEU + SCO member · Russia + China dual-anchor with multi-vector India outreach · VAT 12% standard · CIT 20% · simplified-tax SME regime · INSTC International North-South Transport Corridor partner — Mumbai-Bandar Abbas-Astrakhan-Astana route · AIFC Astana International Financial Centre + English common law jurisdiction since 2018 | uranium + minerals · oil + gas · grains + agri |
| Kiribati | Oceania | oceania | Tarawa | 0.1 | 0.2 | AUD | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Gilbertese | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Kosovo | Europe | balkans | Pristina | 2 | 10 | EUR | Jan–Dec | cefta | eu-kosovo-saa · cefta | 0.0 | exploring | 0 | Albanian / Serbian | 2 | Unilateral euroisation since 2002 (no central-bank monetary policy) · Independence 2008 · ~115+ recognition · Serbia + Russia + China non-recognition · EU SAA 2016 · Visa liberalisation effective January 2024 · VAT 18% standard · CIT 10% · simplified-investor regime · Mining + metals (Trepça mines) + agri + remittances ($2B/yr) + diaspora | minerals + metals · agri + food · construction materials |
| Kyrgyzstan | Asia | central asia | Bishkek | 7 | 13 | KGS | Jan–Dec | eaeu · cis · sco | india-eaeu-fta-exploring | 0.0 | exploring | 15 | Kyrgyz / Russian | 2 | Indian medical-students ~15,000 in Kyrgyz med-schools (~75% of Indian-student stock) · EAEU member since 2015 · customs union with Russia + Belarus + Kazakhstan + Armenia · VAT 12% standard · CIT 10% · simplified-tax STN regime (single-tax) · Kumtor gold mine (state-owned post-2021) — gold ~40% export base · Mountain tourism + WTO-acceded 1998 (earliest CIS member) | gold + minerals · agri + meat · re-export trade |
| Laos | Asia | asean | Vientiane | 7.6 | 16 | LAK | Jan–Dec | asean · rcep | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Lao | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Latvia | Europe | eu | Riga | 2 | 45 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.1 | negotiating | 1 | Latvian | 2 | Riga port + Baltic transit corridor — pre-2022 Russia-EU goods flow now redirected · VAT 21% standard · CIT 20% on distributed profits (Estonian-style retained-earnings exemption) · Wood + paper + furniture + agri export base · Latvian language + Russian-minority bilingualism in commercial sectors · EU + Eurozone + NATO + Schengen full integration | wood + paper + furniture · transit logistics · agri + food |
| Lebanon | Mena | levant | Beirut | 5 | 20 | LBP | Jan–Dec | arab-league | lebanon-eu-aa · lebanon-efta-fta | 0.4 | exploring | 3 | Arabic / French | 2 | Economic crisis since 2019 · GDP collapse ~50%+ · LBP devaluation extreme · Banking-sector solvency crisis · capital controls + lirafication of dollar deposits · VAT 11% standard · CIT 17% · multiple-exchange-rate regime persists · Diaspora ~10M+ globally (3x domestic population) · remittances ~25%+ GDP · Hezbollah + Israel border tension · 2024 escalation north of border | banking + financial services · agri + processed food · jewellery + crafts |
| Lesotho | Africa | south africa | Maseru | 2.3 | 2 | LSL | Jan–Dec | sacu · sadc · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Sesotho | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Liberia | Africa | west africa | Monrovia | 5.4 | 4 | LRD | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Libya | Africa | north africa | Tripoli | 7 | 45 | LYD | Jan–Dec | arab-league · au · afcfta · opec | libya-afcfta | 0.3 | exploring | 1 | Arabic | 2 | Oil reserves Africa #1 (~48B barrels) · output volatile due to political division · Civil-war 2011-onward · GNU west + LNA east parallel governance · VAT not applied · CIT 20% + jihad tax 4% + stamp duties · NOC dominance · OPEC member · oil ~95% of export earnings · sweet-light Libyan crude premium · Reconstruction trajectory pending political-stabilisation · Indian construction-sector exposure | petroleum + crude · natural gas · minerals + chemicals |
| Liechtenstein | Europe | efta | Vaduz | 0.0 | 7 | CHF | Jan–Dec | efta · schengen | india-efta-tepa-2024 | 0.0 | in-force | 0 | German | 2 | India-EFTA TEPA March 2024 · smallest EFTA member benefit · VAT 8.1% (raised from 7.7% Jan 2024 · aligned with Switzerland) · CIT 12.5% · Currency union with Switzerland (CHF) · monetary policy via SNB · EEA member · EU single-market access without membership · Schengen since 2011 · Trust + foundation jurisdiction — historic private-banking depth | financial services + private banking · precision instruments · machinery |
| Lithuania | Europe | eu | Vilnius | 3 | 80 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.4 | negotiating | 1 | Lithuanian | 2 | Vilnius fintech hub — ~150 fintech licences (largest LT fintech sandbox in CEE) · VAT 21% standard · CIT 15% (lower than EU avg) + R&D super-deduction · Klaipėda port — Baltic LNG terminal + Belarus-blocked transit redirected · Lithuania-Taiwan trade-office controversy 2021 (China-Lithuania trade-suspension) · Defence spending ~3% GDP · NATO + EU + Eurozone integration | fintech + IT · transit logistics · furniture + wood |
| Luxembourg | Europe | eu | Luxembourg | 1 | 90 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.5 | negotiating | 3 | Luxembourgish / French / German | 2 | Fund-domicile capital — ~$6T AuM (UCITS + AIFMD + RAIF + SICAV) · 2nd globally after USA · CIT 24.94% effective + Solidarity Surcharge · favourable SOPARFI holding regime · CSSF financial regulator + EU passport for fund marketing across 27 member states · India-Luxembourg DTAA 2008 + Protocol 2014 + 2018 — well-trodden treaty path · RAIF Reserved Alternative Investment Fund 2016 — light-regime fund vehicle popular with Indian PE/VC | investment funds + holding structures · steel + ArcelorMittal HQ · satellite communications (SES) |
| Macau | Asia | east asia | Macau | 0.7 | 30 | MOP | Jan–Dec | cepa-china | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Cantonese / Portuguese | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Madagascar | Africa | east africa | Antananarivo | 30 | 16 | MGA | Jan–Dec | au · afcfta · comesa · sadc | madagascar-afcfta · sadc-fta | 0.3 | exploring | 20 | Malagasy / French | 2 | Vanilla global #1 producer (~80% global supply) + cloves + cocoa anchor · VAT 20% standard · CIT 20% · Free Zone regime + tourism preferential · Indian-origin diaspora ~20K (Karana community) · commercial + retail prominent · Nickel + cobalt + ilmenite + graphite mining trajectory · Ambatovy + QMM mines · SADC + COMESA + AfCFTA triple-overlap · Indian-Ocean island geography | vanilla + cloves + agri · nickel + cobalt + minerals · textiles + tourism |
| Malawi | Africa | east africa | Lilongwe | 20 | 13 | MWK | Jan–Dec | comesa · sadc · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Chichewa | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Maldives | Asia | south asia | Malé | 0.6 | 7 | MVR | Jan–Dec | saarc · bimstec | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Dhivehi | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Mali | Africa | west africa | Bamako | 23 | 20 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Malta | Europe | eu | Valletta | 1 | 22 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · commonwealth | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.2 | negotiating | 1 | Maltese / English | 2 | India-Malta DTAA 2014 · favourable for cross-border holdings · VAT 18% standard · CIT 35% statutory · refund-system gives effective ~5% for foreign-source · iGaming hub — MGA Malta Gaming Authority licences ~300+ operators · Citizenship by Investment IIP closed February 2024 (replaced by ECRO-investment scheme) · English-language jurisdiction · common-law + civil-law hybrid | financial services + iGaming · tourism + maritime · pharmaceuticals |
| Marshall Islands | Oceania | oceania | Majuro | 0.0 | 0.3 | USD | Jan–Dec | mfsa | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Marshallese | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Mauritania | Africa | west africa | Nouakchott | 4.8 | 10 | MRU | Jan–Dec | arab-league · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Arabic | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Mauritius | Africa | east africa | Port Louis | 1 | 15 | MUR | Jul–Jun | au · afcfta · sadc · comesa · cossa | india-mauritius-cecpa-2021 | 0.8 | in-force | 900 | English / French / Creole | 2 | Indian-origin diaspora ~70% of population — deepest cultural-trade link in Africa · India-Mauritius CECPA February 2021 · first India FTA in Africa · India-Mauritius DTAA renegotiated May 2016 (ended capital-gains pass-through · grandfathered pre-2017 investments) · Global Business Company GBC Category-1 + 2 regimes · 80% partial-exemption for income from foreign sources · African gateway — corporate-base for Indian companies investing across Sub-Saharan Africa | financial services · sugar + agri · tourism |
| Micronesia | Oceania | oceania | Palikir | 0.1 | 0.5 | USD | Jan–Dec | mfsa | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Moldova | Europe | cis | Chișinău | 3 | 17 | MDL | Jan–Dec | cis · dcfta-eu | eu-moldova-dcfta-2014 | 0.1 | exploring | 0 | Romanian | 2 | EU candidate-country status June 2022 + accession-talks opened December 2023 · VAT 20% standard · CIT 12% · Chișinău Free Economic Zone preferential regime · Wine + agri + textiles + IT-services + remittances ~10% GDP · Transnistria frozen-conflict region (~12% of territory) — separate de-facto governance · Romanian-language affinity · 95%+ ethnic-Romanian population | wine + agri · textiles + garments · IT services |
| Monaco | Europe | europe | Monaco | 0.0 | 9 | EUR | Jan–Dec | — | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Mongolia | Asia | central asia | Ulaanbaatar | 3 | 20 | MNT | Jan–Dec | — | india-mongolia-engagement | 0.0 | exploring | 0 | Mongolian | 2 | Critical-minerals anchor — copper (Oyu Tolgoi · Erdenet) + coal + uranium + rare-earths · India strategic partnership 2015 · 3rd-Neighbour policy beyond Russia + China · VAT 10% standard · CIT 10-25% sliding · mining-sector special regime · Buddhist cultural-and-spiritual link with India · ~7th-cent transmission · Cashmere global ~40% supply — wool + leather export anchor | minerals + coal · copper + gold · cashmere + wool |
| Montenegro | Europe | balkans | Podgorica | 1 | 7 | EUR | Jan–Dec | cefta · nato | eu-mne-saa · cefta | 0.0 | exploring | 0 | Montenegrin | 2 | EU candidate-country since 2010 · accession-talks since 2012 · most-advanced Balkans candidate · Unilateral euroisation since 2002 (alongside Kosovo) · NATO member since June 2017 · VAT 21% standard · CIT 9-15% sliding · special status for Free Zones · Adriatic-coast tourism + aluminium + steel + maritime services | tourism + maritime · aluminium + metallurgy · agri + wine |
| Mozambique | Africa | southern africa | Maputo | 33 | 20 | MZN | Jan–Dec | au · afcfta · sadc · commonwealth | mozambique-afcfta · sadc-fta | 2.6 | exploring | 21 | Portuguese | 2 | Coal + aluminium + LNG + agri export base · Mozal aluminium ~600K t/yr · Rovuma Basin LNG — TotalEnergies + ExxonMobil + Sasol mega-projects (~$50B+ committed) · Indian-origin diaspora ~21K (Goa-Mozambique historical link) · pre-1975 colonial-era anchor · VAT 17% standard · CIT 32% standard (35% mining/oil) · Special Economic Zones preferential · Cabo Delgado insurgency 2017-2024 · LNG project security challenges | coal + LNG · aluminium · agri (cashew, sugar, tobacco) |
| Namibia | Africa | south africa | Windhoek | 2.6 | 13 | NAD | Jan–Dec | sacu · sadc · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Nauru | Oceania | oceania | Yaren | 0.0 | 0.1 | AUD | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Nauruan / English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| New Zealand | Oceania | oceania | Wellington | 5 | 250 | NZD | Apr–Mar | cptpp · rcep · commonwealth | india-nz-fta-paused | 1 | exploring | 250 | English / Maori | 2 | Indian diaspora ~250K (5% NZ population) — strong cultural-and-trade anchor · Dairy export dominance — Fonterra ~30% global dairy trade share · GST 15% · CIT 28% · favourable look-through company LTC for SME structuring · India-NZ FTA paused 2015 over dairy access · subsequent CEPA dialogue ongoing · Working Holiday visa (limited reciprocal slots) + post-study work visa pathway | dairy + meat · wood + pulp · wool + agri-tech |
| Nicaragua | Latam | central america | Managua | 7 | 17 | NIO | Jan–Dec | cafta-dr · sica | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Spanish | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Niger | Africa | west africa | Niamey | 27 | 17 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| North Korea | Asia | east asia | Pyongyang | 26 | 40 | KPW | Jan–Dec | — | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Korean | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| North Macedonia | Europe | balkans | Skopje | 2 | 15 | MKD | Jan–Dec | cefta · nato | eu-mk-saa · cefta | 0.0 | exploring | 0 | Macedonian | 2 | EU candidate-country since 2005 · accession-talks formally opened 2022 · Bulgaria veto-history · NATO member since March 2020 (after Prespa Agreement renamed from Macedonia) · VAT 18% standard · CIT 10% · Technological Industrial Development Zones TIDZ 0% effective · Wine + tobacco + minerals + textiles core export basket · Auto-components cluster — Johnson Controls + Lear + Kromberg & Schubert | textiles + apparel · automotive + components · agri (wine, tobacco) |
| Norway | Europe | efta | Oslo | 5 | 485 | NOK | Jan–Dec | efta · schengen · nato | india-efta-tepa-2024 | 3.2 | in-force | 20 | Norwegian | 2 | India-EFTA TEPA signed March 2024 (effective ~2025-2026) · $100B 15-yr investment commitment · Government Pension Fund Global GPFG ~$1.6T — anchor sovereign wealth allocator · VAT 25% standard · CIT 22% · petroleum-sector special regime · Salmon-export dominance · ~50% global Atlantic salmon supply · EEA membership = EU single-market access without EU membership | petroleum + LNG · salmon + seafood · hydropower + renewables |
| Pakistan | Asia | south asia | Islamabad | 240 | 340 | PKR | Jan–Dec | saarc · sco · eco | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Urdu / English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Palau | Oceania | oceania | Ngerulmud | 0.0 | 0.3 | USD | Jan–Dec | mfsa | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Palauan | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Palestine | Mena | levant | East Jerusalem (claimed) | 5 | 18 | ILS | Jan–Dec | arab-league | palestine-eu-aa | 0.1 | exploring | 0 | Arabic | 2 | UN observer-state status 2012 · ~140+ countries recognition (India 1988+) · Paris Protocol 1994 customs union with Israel · effective Israeli-shekel monetary integration · VAT 16% (aligned to Israel) · CIT 15% · split West Bank PA + Gaza Hamas governance · Gaza war Oct 2023+ · severe humanitarian crisis · economic collapse · Olive oil + agri + textiles + tourism (West Bank Bethlehem + Bethlehem) historical base | agri + olive oil · textiles + handicrafts · stone + construction materials |
| Panama | Latam | central america | Panama City | 4 | 80 | PAB | Jan–Dec | sica | india-panama-engagement | 0.4 | exploring | 15 | Spanish | 2 | Panama Canal — ~6% global trade transits · India-route critical post-Suez disruption · Dollarised economy — USD circulates alongside balboa (1:1 peg since 1904) · Colón Free Zone — 2nd-largest in world · re-export hub for Latin America · VAT 7% standard · CIT 25% · territorial-tax regime (foreign-source income exempt) · Indian-origin diaspora ~15K · Hindu temples in Panama City + Colón | re-export + Free Zones · financial services · shipping + logistics |
| Papua New Guinea | Oceania | oceania | Port Moresby | 10.4 | 32 | PGK | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / Tok Pisin | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Paraguay | Latam | south america | Asunción | 7 | 45 | PYG | Jan–Dec | mercosur | india-mercosur-pta-2004 | 0.4 | in-force | 0 | Spanish / Guaraní | 2 | Mercosur founding member (1991) · India-Mercosur PTA 2004 covers tariff preferences · VAT 10% standard (lowest in region) · CIT 10% · personal income up to 10% · Maquila Régime Law 1064 — 1% turnover-tax for export-manufacturing zone · Itaipú hydroelectric (binational with Brazil) — surplus-electricity export · Soybean + beef + electricity export anchor · ~$15B-$20B exports | soybeans + agri · beef + livestock · electricity export |
| Peru | Latam | south america | Lima | 34 | 270 | PEN | Jan–Dec | pacific-alliance · can · cptpp | india-peru-fta-negotiating | 3.6 | negotiating | 1 | Spanish | 2 | India-Peru FTA negotiations launched 2017 · 9 rounds completed by 2024 · Mining-and-metals economy — copper #2 globally + zinc + silver + gold + lead · VAT 18% standard · CIT 29.5% · special tax-stability contracts for mining/oil · CPTPP ratification + member · alternative pathway for India-Peru beyond bilateral FTA · Lima Stock Exchange MILA integration with Chile/Colombia/Mexico | copper + mining metals · agri-products (asparagus, avocado, blueberry) · textiles + alpaca |
| Portugal | Europe | eu | Lisbon | 10 | 290 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.6 | negotiating | 80 | Portuguese | 2 | Indian-diaspora ~80K (Goa-Portugal historical link) · golden-visa flow 2012-2023 · Golden Visa programme ended October 2023 (replaced by IFICI tax-residency + skilled-worker focus) · NHR Non-Habitual Resident regime closed end-2023 (replaced by IFICI Tax Incentive 2024) · VAT 23% standard · CIT 21% + municipal surtax · Madeira Free Trade Zone 5% CIT · D7 Passive Income Visa + D8 Digital Nomad Visa — popular India-outbound pathway | textiles + footwear · wine + agri-food · automotive + components |
| Republic of the Congo | Africa | central africa | Brazzaville | 5.8 | 15 | XAF | Jan–Dec | cemac · eccas · au · afcfta · opec | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Romania | Europe | eu | Bucharest | 19 | 350 | RON | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 1 | negotiating | 3 | Romanian | 2 | Schengen full-air + sea accession March 2024 · land-borders accession ongoing · VAT 19% standard · CIT 16% (low CEE) · micro-enterprise 1-3% turnover regime · Auto-and-IT manufacturing — Dacia (Renault) + Ford + ZF + Continental anchor · EU funds 2021-2027 ~€80B (NRRP + Cohesion) · infrastructure-and-digital deployment · Black Sea ports — Constanța + Mangalia · post-Ukraine war supply-chain pivot | automotive + components · IT services + outsourcing · agri-products |
| Russia | Europe | cis | Moscow | 144 | 2,240 | RUB | Jan–Dec | eaeu · brics · sco | india-eaeu-fta-negotiating | 49.4 | negotiating | 15 | Russian | 1 | Sanctions overlay · OFAC + EU + UK lists · Rouble–rupee SRVA settlement live since 2022 · Discounted Urals crude flows to Indian refiners · GOST conformity + EAC mark · Vostok energy corridor anchor | crude petroleum · fertilisers · coal |
| Rwanda | Africa | east africa | Kigali | 14 | 14 | RWF | Jul–Jun | au · afcfta · eac · comesa | rwanda-afcfta · eac-fta | 0.4 | exploring | 3 | Kinyarwanda / English / French | 2 | Vision 2050 · upper-middle-income target · ICT + services-led growth model · Ease of Doing Business consistently top-3 in Africa · Kigali financial-services hub · VAT 18% standard · CIT 30% · special economic zones + KIFC preferential 0% CIT · Indian-diaspora small but growing · medical-tourism + IT-services corridor · Africa CDC HQ Kigali · Pan-African Gateway positioning | coffee + tea · ICT + business services · tourism + minerals |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Latam | caribbean | Basseterre | 0.1 | 1 | XCD | Jan–Dec | caricom · oecs · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Saint Lucia | Latam | caribbean | Castries | 0.2 | 2.6 | XCD | Jan–Dec | caricom · oecs · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Latam | caribbean | Kingstown | 0.1 | 1 | XCD | Jan–Dec | caricom · oecs · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Samoa | Oceania | oceania | Apia | 0.2 | 0.9 | WST | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Samoan / English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| San Marino | Europe | europe | San Marino | 0.0 | 2 | EUR | Jan–Dec | — | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Italian | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Saudi Arabia | Mena | gcc | Riyadh | 36 | 1,108 | SAR | Jan–Dec | gcc · arab-league · opec | india-gcc-fta | 52.7 | negotiating | 2,600 | Arabic | 1 | Vision 2030 localisation (Nitaqat) · SABER / SASO conformity certification · Aramco strategic supplier programme · Royal Commission free zones (NEOM, Yanbu, Jubail) · Hajj / Umrah seasonal logistics overlay | crude petroleum · organic chemicals · LPG |
| Senegal | Africa | west africa | Dakar | 18 | 30 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta · waemu | ecowas-fta · africa-afcfta | 0.4 | exploring | 3 | French | 2 | ECOWAS + WAEMU + AfCFTA member · West Africa trade-bloc anchor · CFA franc — fixed peg to EUR (655.957:1) since 1999 · monetary stability · Sangomar offshore oil + GTA offshore gas (Mauritania-Senegal) production from 2024-2025 · VAT (TVA) 18% standard · CIT 30% · Free-Trade Zones special regimes · Dakar major-port + AGOA + EU EPA preferences | fish + agri-products · phosphate + minerals · petroleum (from 2024+) |
| Serbia | Europe | balkans | Belgrade | 7 | 75 | RSD | Jan–Dec | cefta · eaeu-fta | eu-serbia-saa · china-serbia-fta-2024 · serbia-eaeu-fta | 0.4 | exploring | 0 | Serbian | 2 | EU candidate-country status 2012 · negotiating since 2014 · 22 of 35 chapters opened · Serbia-China FTA effective July 2024 · first European country with China FTA · VAT 20% standard · CIT 15% · digital-nomad-friendly + IT-park preferential 0% CIT · Multi-FTA approach — EU SAA + EAEU + China FTA + EFTA simultaneously · Belgrade-Niš tech-corridor · ~$2B IT-services export | automotive + components · agri + food · IT services |
| Seychelles | Africa | east africa | Victoria | 0.1 | 2 | SCR | Jan–Dec | comesa · sadc · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English / French / Creole | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Sierra Leone | Africa | west africa | Freetown | 8.7 | 4 | SLL | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Singapore | Asia | asean | Singapore | 5.9 | 500 | SGD | Apr–Mar | asean · cptpp · rcep | india-singapore-ceca · asean-india-fta | 35.6 | in-force | 650 | English | 1 | CECA 2005 + 2018 review · most liberal services chapter · GST 9% · low-friction registration · MAS payment licence granular regime · PIC + capital allowance R&D · Holding-company hub for SE Asia treasury | petroleum · electronics · IT services |
| Slovakia | Europe | eu | Bratislava | 5 | 130 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato · v4 | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.7 | negotiating | 1 | Slovak | 2 | Auto-manufacturing per-capita #1 globally — Volkswagen + KIA + Stellantis + JLR · VAT 20% standard · CIT 21% · special economic zones in eastern Slovakia · EV-battery cluster expanding — InoBat + Volvo Cars (Košice) + Stellantis EV plant · V4 grouping + Eurozone (since 2009) · CEE manufacturing-cluster anchor · Tatra mountains + ski-tourism + agro-food secondary economy | automotive + components · machinery + electrical · steel + metallurgy |
| Slovenia | Europe | eu | Ljubljana | 2 | 65 | EUR | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · eurozone · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 0.3 | negotiating | 1 | Slovenian | 2 | Koper port — Adriatic gateway for Central Europe · India-corridor potential · VAT 22% standard · CIT 22% (raised from 19% Jan 2024) · windfall taxes on energy/banks · Pharmaceutical anchor — Krka + Lek (Sandoz) generic + biosimilar exporters · Skiing + alpine tourism + balneological tourism (Bled · Bohinj · Postojna) · EU + Eurozone + Schengen + NATO full integration since 2007 | pharmaceuticals (Krka, Lek) · automotive + components · machinery + electrical |
| Solomon Islands | Oceania | oceania | Honiara | 0.7 | 1.7 | SBD | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Somalia | Africa | east africa | Mogadishu | 18 | 11 | SOS | Jan–Dec | arab-league · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Somali / Arabic | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| South Korea | Asia | east asia | Seoul | 52 | 1,665 | KRW | Jan–Dec | rcep · g20 | india-korea-cepa | 27.8 | in-force | 10 | Korean | 1 | CEPA 2010 · upgrade renegotiation since 2016 · Chaebol gatekeeper for industrial entry · KC mark conformity + KFDA approvals · F-2-7 points-based skilled visa · Yongsan PLI–FDI pharma corridor | petroleum products · steel · electronics |
| South Sudan | Africa | east africa | Juba | 11.5 | 6 | SSP | Jan–Dec | eac · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Sudan | Africa | east africa | Khartoum | 48 | 52 | SDG | Jan–Dec | au · afcfta · arab-league · comesa · igad | sudan-afcfta · sudan-comesa | 1.5 | exploring | 0 | Arabic | 2 | Civil-war April 2023+ · SAF vs RSF · severe humanitarian + economic crisis · VAT 17% standard · CIT 35% (banks) / 15-25% (other) · multiple-exchange-rate regime · Gold + sesame + livestock + gum arabic export base · Indian diaspora historical (~5K-10K) · Indian-built Khartoum infrastructure projects · Red Sea + Nile geographic anchor · Port Sudan Indian-Ocean-corridor potential | gold + minerals · livestock + sesame · gum arabic + agri |
| Suriname | Latam | south america | Paramaribo | 0.6 | 4 | SRD | Jan–Dec | caricom | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Dutch | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Sweden | Europe | eu | Stockholm | 11 | 610 | SEK | Jan–Dec | eu · schengen · nato | eu-india-bita-negotiating | 2.7 | negotiating | 50 | Swedish | 2 | Defence-and-aerospace anchor (Saab + Bofors) — India Gripen-E + Carl-Gustaf JV trajectory · IKEA + H&M + Volvo + Ericsson + Spotify + ABB diversified industry depth · VAT 25% · CIT 20.6% (reduced from 22% in 2021) · favourable for cross-border holdings · NATO accession March 2024 — defence procurement integration accelerating · Skatteverket + Swedish Tax Agency CRS + DAC6 cross-border arrangement reporting tight | defence + aerospace · telecom + IT (Ericsson) · automotive + machinery |
| Syria | Mena | levant | Damascus | 23 | 22 | SYP | Jan–Dec | arab-league | syria-eu-aa-suspended | 0.0 | exploring | 1 | Arabic | 2 | Civil-war 2011-2024 · Assad regime fall December 2024 · transitional governance · Heavy Western sanctions persist · Caesar Act (USA) extraterritorial reach · VAT not applied · CIT 14-28% sliding · SYP devaluation extreme post-2011 · Reconstruction estimated $250B+ over 10-15 years · India strategic-partnership posture · Levantine-trade-corridor + Aleppo + Damascus historical commercial centres | agri + olive oil · textiles + processed food · petroleum + minerals (pre-war base) |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Africa | central africa | São Tomé | 0.2 | 0.6 | STN | Jan–Dec | eccas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Portuguese | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Taiwan | Asia | east asia | Taipei | 23 | 790 | TWD | Jan–Dec | — | india-taiwan-trade-engagement | 8.4 | exploring | 5 | Mandarin | 2 | Semiconductor-foundry capital — TSMC (~60% global foundry · ~90% advanced-node) + UMC + Vanguard · India-Taiwan Bilateral Investment Agreement 2018 + ongoing FTA exploration · PMP TFDA pharmaceutical regulator + PIC/S 2013 + ICH 2018 alignment · One-China policy constrains formal-treaty depth — TECC + ITA-Taipei substitute embassies · Foxconn + Wistron + Pegatron India-manufacturing trajectory ~$100B+ commitment 2024-2030 | semiconductors + electronics · machinery + tools · plastics + petrochemicals |
| Tajikistan | Asia | central asia | Dushanbe | 10 | 13 | TJS | Jan–Dec | cis · sco · csto | india-tajikistan-engagement | 0.0 | exploring | 0 | Tajik | 2 | Cotton + aluminium (Talco) + remittances ~30% GDP from Russia-based workers · India strategic partnership · Ayni airbase historical link · Pamir-corridor Afghanistan border · VAT 14% standard · CIT 18% · Free Economic Zones FEZ preferential regimes · Persian-language family (Tajik) · Buddhist-and-Zoroastrian-heritage Pamir region · Hydropower potential ~80% untapped — Rogun Dam world-tallest under construction | aluminium + minerals · cotton + textiles · hydropower potential |
| Timor-Leste | Asia | asean | Dili | 1.4 | 2 | USD | Jan–Dec | asean-observer | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Portuguese / Tetum | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Togo | Africa | west africa | Lomé | 9 | 9 | XOF | Jan–Dec | ecowas · au · afcfta | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Tonga | Oceania | oceania | Nukuʻalofa | 0.1 | 0.6 | TOP | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Tongan / English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Latam | caribbean | Port of Spain | 1 | 30 | TTD | Oct–Sep | caricom · commonwealth | caricom · tt-eu-epa | 0.5 | exploring | 500 | English | 2 | Indo-Trinidadian diaspora ~40% of population · deepest Indian-Caribbean cultural link · Natural gas + petroleum + petrochemicals dominant · LNG + ammonia + methanol export anchor · VAT 12.5% standard · CIT 30% standard (35% petroleum + 50% windfall) · pioneer status incentives · Caribbean industrialised economy · CARICOM headquarters host-country · India-T&T trade-and-cultural agreements + DTAA negotiating | natural gas + LNG · petrochemicals (ammonia, methanol) · manufacturing + oil services |
| Tunisia | Africa | north africa | Tunis | 12 | 50 | TND | Jan–Dec | arab-league · au · afcfta · agadir · aufta | tunisia-eu-aa · tunisia-afcfta | 0.3 | exploring | 0 | Arabic / French | 2 | EU Association Agreement 1995 · ~75% trade with EU · VAT 19% standard · CIT 15% standard (10% offshore + selected sectors) · Olive oil global ~10% of production · phosphate + textiles export base · AfCFTA member · Mediterranean-Africa bridge positioning · Post-Arab-Spring 2011 democratic transition + 2021 political consolidation | olive oil + agri · textiles + garments · phosphate + chemicals |
| Turkmenistan | Asia | central asia | Ashgabat | 6 | 50 | TMT | Jan–Dec | cis-associate | tapi-pipeline-mou | 0.1 | exploring | 0 | Turkmen | 2 | Natural gas global #4 reserves · Galkynysh field one of largest globally · TAPI Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India gas pipeline MoU · construction phase post-2022 · VAT 15% standard · CIT 8% (8-25% sliding) · state-dominated economy · Permanent neutrality declared 1995 (UN-recognised) · isolationist diplomatic posture · Cotton + carpets + agri secondary export base | natural gas · cotton + textiles · petrochemicals |
| Tuvalu | Oceania | oceania | Funafuti | 0.0 | 0.1 | AUD | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Tuvaluan / English | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Uganda | Africa | east africa | Kampala | 49 | 50 | UGX | Jul–Jun | au · afcfta · eac · comesa | uganda-afcfta · eac-fta | 1.2 | exploring | 30 | English / Swahili | 2 | Indian-origin diaspora ~30K (post-1972 Amin-expulsion partial-return) · prominent commercial role · Lake Albert oil discovery + EACOP East African Crude Oil Pipeline (Hoima-Tanga) construction · VAT 18% standard · CIT 30% · EAC Common External Tariff CET aligned · EAC + COMESA + AfCFTA triple-overlap · regional trade hub · Coffee + fish + tea + maize + gold (informal-sector smuggled regional flows) export base | coffee + tea + agri · gold + minerals · petroleum (from 2025+) |
| Ukraine | Europe | europe | Kyiv | 40 | 180 | UAH | Jan–Dec | dcfta-eu · cis-suspended | eu-ukraine-dcfta-2014 | 3.4 | in-force | 20 | Ukrainian | 2 | Sunflower-oil global #1 exporter (~50% global share pre-2022) · Indian #1 buyer · War with Russia from Feb 2022 — wartime trade-and-investment risk premium · EU candidate-country status June 2022 + accession-talks Dec 2023 · VAT 20% standard · CIT 18% · simplified-tax SME regime up to UAH 8.3M · Black Sea Grain Initiative Aug 2022 - Jul 2023 + post-Russian-withdrawal corridor adaptation | sunflower oil + grains · iron + steel · IT services |
| United Arab Emirates | Mena | gcc | Abu Dhabi | 9.9 | 515 | AED | Jan–Dec | gcc · arab-league | india-uae-cepa | 83.6 | in-force | 3,500 | Arabic / English | 1 | CEPA effective 1 May 2022 · 80%+ tariff lines liberalised · Free zone vs mainland licence dichotomy · VAT 5% federal · ESR + UBO compliance · UPI–IPP rupee–dirham settlement live · DP World as port logistics anchor | petroleum products · gems & jewellery · machinery |
| United Kingdom | Europe | uk | London | 68 | 3,340 | GBP | Apr–Mar | commonwealth · g7 · g20 | india-uk-fta | 20.3 | negotiating | 1,900 | English | 1 | Post-Brexit · UKCA marking transitioning from CE · Innovator Founder visa + Global Talent · VAT 20% with reverse-charge for B2B services · UK ETS divergence from EU ETS · City of London services corridor | precious stones · machinery · pharmaceuticals |
| United States | North America | na | Washington DC | 335 | 27,360 | USD | Oct–Sep | usmca | ustr-india-tpf | 118.3 | exploring | 4,800 | English | 1 | Section 301 tariff residue on China inputs · FDA + USDA dual regulator complexity · Buy-American clauses on federal procurement · State-level sales tax fragmentation (50 jurisdictions) · H1B visa stack for services delivery | IT services · pharmaceuticals · engineering goods |
| Uruguay | Latam | south america | Montevideo | 3 | 78 | UYU | Jan–Dec | mercosur | india-mercosur-pta-2004 | 0.4 | in-force | 1 | Spanish | 2 | Mercosur member · India-Mercosur PTA 2004 (limited tariff preferences) · Free Zones — Zonamerica + Aguada Park + WTC tax-exempt corporate zones · VAT 22% standard · CIT 25% · IRPF personal up to 36% · Free Zones effectively 0% · Stable democratic + low-corruption profile in region · Transparency Int 2023 ~CPI 73 · Cattle-and-beef export anchor + financial-services regional hub | beef + agri-food · cellulose + paper · financial services + free zones |
| Uzbekistan | Asia | central asia | Tashkent | 36 | 92 | UZS | Jan–Dec | cis · sco | india-uzbekistan-engagement | 0.4 | exploring | 0 | Uzbek | 2 | Cotton + textiles + fruit + gas + gold + uranium diversified base · Mirziyoyev-era reforms 2017+ · convertibility + privatisation + open-economy pivot · VAT 12% standard (cut from 15% Jan 2023) · CIT 15% · IT-Park preferential 0% CIT · India-Uzbekistan strategic partnership 2018 + medical-tourism corridor · Tashkent + Samarkand ancient Silk Road · Buddhist-heritage + Indian-cultural ties | cotton + textiles · gold + uranium · natural gas |
| Vanuatu | Oceania | oceania | Port Vila | 0.3 | 1 | VUV | Jan–Dec | mfsa · commonwealth | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Bislama / English / French | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Vatican City | Europe | europe | Vatican City | 0.0 | 0.1 | EUR | Jan–Dec | — | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Italian / Latin | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Venezuela | Latam | south america | Caracas | 28 | 92 | VES | Jan–Dec | mercosur-suspended · opec | venezuela-opec | 0.6 | exploring | 0 | Spanish | 2 | Oil reserves global #1 (~303B barrels · Orinoco belt heavy crude) · Hyperinflation crisis 2017-2021+ · multiple currency redenominations · partial-dollarisation · USA sanctions Trump 2017+ · Biden licenses 2022-2024 partial relief · VAT 16% standard · CIT 34% · special-mining + petroleum tax regimes · Indian state-firm engagement — ONGC Videsh + Reliance JV history with PDVSA | petroleum + crude · natural gas · iron + minerals |
| Yemen | Asia | mena | Sanaa | 34 | 22 | YER | Jan–Dec | arab-league | — | 0 | baseline | 0 | Arabic | 3 | Baseline registry · richer data being curated · Continent-corridor cross-link applies for trade context · Bloc and FTA membership informs market access | multilateral mix · see corridor atlas |
| Zambia | Africa | southern africa | Lusaka | 21 | 30 | ZMW | Jan–Dec | au · afcfta · sadc · comesa | zambia-afcfta · sadc-fta · comesa-fta | 0.5 | exploring | 15 | English | 2 | Copper-belt anchor — copper ~70% of export earnings (Mopani · KCM · FQM) · Zambia-China debt-restructuring concluded June 2023 (G20 Common Framework first major case) · VAT 16% standard · CIT 30% standard + Mining 30-35% + Mineral Royalty Tax MRT 4-10% · Indian-diaspora ~15K · commercial + medical + retail roles prominent · Lusaka Stock Exchange small-cap + agri + cobalt + gemstones secondary base | copper + cobalt · agri + sugar · gemstones + cement |
| Zimbabwe | Africa | southern africa | Harare | 16 | 32 | ZWL | Jan–Dec | au · afcfta · sadc · comesa | zimbabwe-afcfta · sadc-fta · comesa-fta | 0.2 | exploring | 10 | English / Shona / Ndebele | 2 | ZiG (Zimbabwe Gold) currency April 2024 · backed by ~$285M gold + reserves · 6th currency since 2008 · Multi-currency regime — USD + ZAR + GBP + EUR alongside ZiG · Tobacco + gold + lithium + platinum + diamonds export base · VAT 15% standard · CIT 24.72% · SI 64 import-restriction list · Indian-diaspora ~10K · commercial + agri + medical sectors | tobacco + cotton · gold + platinum + lithium · diamonds + minerals |
Provenance split as computed at build time: 12 tier-1 rows, 24+25+28
tier-2 rows across three registry vintages, 72 tier-3 seeds. 153 of 161 economies link to a live
country profile. Field completeness is disclosed, not smoothed: blocs 154/161, FTAs
88/161, everything else 161/161. The shard behind this page is
_data/country_atlas/index.json, regenerated deterministically from the legacy registry source.
Each row is one economy the tiered country registry actually serves — 161 rows, seventeen fields each, generated from _data/country_atlas/index.json. Tier records provenance (hand-curated, multi-vintage macro data, or baseline seed); Pop and GDP/Trade are the registry's own round headline figures; Blocs and FTAs are membership slugs, populated on a minority of rows, where an empty cell means the registry ships it empty rather than confirmed-absent. Some economies have no profile page and stay unlinked. Verify any figure against an official or original source before relying on it.
The atlas table lists 161 economies with seventeen fields each. The underlying registry's own header comment claims "198 countries," but the page states the computed, servable total is 161, because rows from lower-priority tiers are dropped whenever they collide with a richer tier's row for the same country.
No — the page says not every economy in the atlas has its own profile page; it names Hong Kong, Kosovo and Palestine among the atlas economies that have a registry row but no profile page, and these stay unlinked in the table rather than pointing at a page that does not exist.
The page describes tier as provenance: the 12 tier-1 rows are hand-curated deep profiles, the 77 tier-2 rows (split across three registry vintages) carry fuller macro data, and the 72 tier-3 rows are baseline seeds awaiting curation — together making up the rows the atlas serves.
No — the page states FTA lists are populated for 88 of the 161 rows (54.7%), and an empty cell there means the registry ships that field empty rather than showing the country has no agreements; it directs readers to cross-check the FTAs directory instead.
No — the page states the shard behind this page is regenerated deterministically from the site's legacy country-registry source, so the table reflects the same underlying registry logic each time it is built rather than manual per-row edits.
Developed by Amit Jain at allfrontierglobal.com
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Developed by Amit Jain at allfrontierglobal.com · purposed.in · purposed · purposed2 · merchcomp.com · uuka.org
Compiled reference — verify current specifics at the source.
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