Rendered from the All Frontier Global corridor registry · every figure below carries a numbered source
There is no comprehensive India–US free trade agreement. An interim deal was announced on 6 February 2026[1]; fourteen days later the US Supreme Court struck down the legal authority the deal’s tariff cuts rested on[2]. What is actually collected on Indian goods today rests on different statutes entirely. This page renders the corridor registry record — the tariff stack layer by layer with its current legal status, the official trade series, the commodity split, and the questions the registry could not answer from an official source.
No comprehensive US-India FTA exists as of August 12, 2026. A jointly announced 'interim' trade deal (Feb 6, 2026) cut the IEEPA reciprocal tariff on India and removed a Russia-oil penalty tariff, but the legal basis for those specific cuts (IEEPA) was struck down by the US Supreme Court just 14 days later (Feb 20, 2026), voiding that tariff regime. A broader Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) remains under active negotiation, not concluded. The tariff actually collected on Indian goods today rests on different legal authorities (Section 301 forced-labor duties at 10%, Section 232 national-security duties at 50% on steel/aluminum) rather than on the negotiated 18% 'deal' rate, which never took lasting effect.[1][2][6]
Announced 6 February 2026, fact sheet published 9 February 2026: US-India Joint Statement / interim trade agreement framework: reduced the IEEPA 'reciprocal' tariff on India from 25% to 18%; removed the additional 25% penalty tariff tied to Russian oil purchases; India committed to eliminate/reduce tariffs on US industrial goods and agricultural products (DDGs, sorghum, tree nuts, fruit, soybean oil, wine, spirits) and to purchase over $500 billion in US products (energy, aircraft, precious metals, technology/GPUs/data-center equipment, coking coal) over five years.[1][7]
Comprehensive Bilateral Trade Agreement negotiations ongoing, no signed text found. India's Commerce Ministry stated (late July 2026) that discussions with Washington 'remain active and constructive,' particularly on textile export arrangements. India's Commerce Secretary separately stated (March 2026) that India 'remains engaged with the US for a mutually beneficial trade agreement.'[3][8]
The registry tracks the tariff stack as five separate layers, each with its own legal basis and its own current status. Two of the five are no longer collected.
US Supreme Court (Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, 6-3, Feb 20, 2026) ruled IEEPA does not authorize tariffs. All IEEPA-based duties — including India's EO 14329/14384 Russia-oil surcharge and the EO 14257 global reciprocal-tariff program (which had briefly set India at 18% under the Feb 6 deal) — stopped being collected as of 12:00am ET Feb 24, 2026.
10% ad valorem surcharge on imports from all countries (with exemptions for critical minerals, energy, some agriculture, pharma, passenger vehicles, aerospace, Canada/Mexico-USMCA goods), imposed under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, effective Feb 24, 2026, statutorily capped at 150 days, expired July 24, 2026. The US Court of International Trade separately ruled May 7, 2026 that this exceeded presidential authority, but relief was narrow (3 named plaintiffs only); most importers kept paying until the July 24 expiration regardless.
USTR imposed Section 301 duties on 60 economies effective July 24, 2026 over inadequate forced-labor import bans. India assessed 10% (vs 12.5% for economies without a forced-labor import ban) on goods not already covered by Section 232. India's Commerce Ministry states ~55% of Indian exports are subject to this layer; the other ~45% is Section-232-covered (steel, aluminum, copper, autos/auto parts, which carry 25-50% duties instead) and excluded from this 10% to avoid stacking.
Global national-security tariff, not India-specific, explicitly excluded from the Feb 2026 negotiated cuts. India's Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal confirmed 'It's not a reciprocal tariff... national security clause... these products are at 50 per cent globally,' i.e. unaffected by the bilateral deal.
100% tariff on patented/branded pharmaceutical imports (carve-outs for onshoring plans, MFN-pricing agreements, orphan drugs, cell/gene therapies, etc.), effective July 31, 2026 for Annex III companies and Sept 29, 2026 for all others. Generic pharmaceuticals — India's dominant pharma export category to the US — face no tariff under this order 'at this time.'
US goods figures come from the Census Bureau country series; goods-and-services totals come from USTR. The registry stores US goods values in USD millions exactly as published, and does not add the two directions together into a total no source states.
| Measure | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| US exports to India | US$45,354.3 mn | 2025 |
| US imports from India | US$103,776.3 mn | 2025 |
| US goods trade deficit | US$58,422.1 mn | 2025 |
USTR's India country page independently reports near-identical 2025 goods figures ($45.6B exports, $103.8B imports, $58.2B deficit; imports up 18.9% and deficit up 27.1% from 2024), cross-confirming the census.gov series.[4]
| Measure | Value | Movement on 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Total goods and services trade | US$212,300 mn | up 8.3% ($16.3B) from 2023 |
| US services exports to India | US$41,800 mn | up 15.9% ($5.7B) from 2023 |
| US services imports from India | US$41,600 mn | up 15.4% from 2023 |
| US services surplus | US$102 mn | vs a $76M services deficit in 2023 |
| Measure | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| US exports to India | US$26,278.1 mn | Jan-Jun 2026 |
| US imports from India | US$49,294.8 mn | Jan-Jun 2026 |
| US goods trade deficit | US$23,016.7 mn | Jan-Jun 2026 |
| US goods deficit, single month | US$4,500 mn[14] | June 2026 |
The June 2026 monthly deficit is carried as USD millions, approx as rounded in source (Exhibit 19).
| Measure | Rank | As stated in source |
|---|---|---|
| Total trade | #11 | $13.3B total trade that month, 2.5% of total US trade that month |
| US export destination | #12 | $4.4B, 2.1% of total US exports that month |
| US import source | #10 | $8.9B, 2.8% of total US imports that month |
| Commodity | Value |
|---|---|
| Electrical machinery & equipment, incl. smartphones (HS 85) | US$15.9 bn |
| Gems, precious stones & jewelry (HS 71) | US$9.97 bn |
| Pharmaceuticals (HS 30) | US$9.78 bn |
| Machinery & mechanical appliances (HS 84) | US$6.69 bn |
| Petroleum products (HS 27) | US$4.2 bn |
| Total, FY2024-25 | US$86.5 bn |
Business-press compilation citing India's Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (GoI) as primary source. Qualitatively corroborated by India's official DGCIS 'Quick View of India's Trade Scenario' (Aug 2025), which independently states India's key exports to the USA concentrate in HS-85, HS-30 and HS-71, led by smartphones and pharmaceutical products, and that the US is India's #1 export destination overall at $80.77B / 18.25% of India's total global exports (CY2024).[17]
| Commodity | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral fuels / energy, incl. crude oil & LNG (HS 27) | US$14.3 bn |
| Natural/cultured pearls & precious stones (HS 71) | US$5.29 bn |
| Machinery & mechanical appliances (HS 84) | US$4.43 bn |
| Electrical machinery & equipment (HS 85) | US$3.38 bn |
| Optical, medical & precision instruments (HS 90) | US$2.03 bn |
| Total, FY2024-25 | US$45.6 bn |
Business-press compilation citing India's Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (GoI). Matches USTR's separately reported calendar-year-2025 US-exports-to-India figure of $45.6B almost exactly, cross-confirming the figure across two independent sources/periods.[16][4]
The joint statement names these US export categories as negotiating asks. It is a qualitative list — the registry attaches no value to any of it: dried distillers' grains (DDGs), red sorghum, tree nuts, fresh/processed fruit, soybean oil, wine, spirits, industrial goods generally, aircraft and aircraft parts, coal/coking coal, GPUs and data-center equipment (under the $500B five-year purchase pledge)[1].
India was hit with a 25% IEEPA 'reciprocal' tariff (EO 14257, 2025) plus an additional 25% penalty tariff (EO 14329/14384) tied to Russian oil purchases, reaching a combined 50% by August 27, 2025 — among the highest US tariff rates applied to any major economy at the time. Cut to 18% (with the 25% Russia penalty removed) in the Feb 6, 2026 deal, then voided entirely when the Supreme Court struck down IEEPA tariff authority effective Feb 24, 2026.
Global (not India-specific) national-security tariff of 50% on steel and aluminum remains in place, explicitly excluded from the Feb 2026 cuts. India notified the WTO in May 2025 of a plan for WTO-compliant retaliatory duties on roughly $7.6B of US goods (~$1.91B in estimated annual duty collection) in response to the steel/aluminum tariffs. As of sources reviewed, this remains a notified/reserved right rather than an implemented measure, with India favoring resolution via the broader BTA talks instead.
100% tariff on patented/branded pharmaceutical imports phasing in July 31-Sept 29, 2026. Generic drugs, which dominate India's roughly $9.8B/year pharma exports to the US, are not tariffed under this order 'at this time' — a significant carve-out given India's large share of US generic-drug supply.
In force since July 24, 2026, applying 10% to the ~55% of Indian exports not already covered by Section 232 duties (the remaining ~45%, incl. steel/aluminum/autos, is excluded here since it already carries the higher Section 232 rate). Legally more durable than the expired Section 122 surcharge or the voided IEEPA tariffs, since Section 301 duties persist until affirmatively modified or withdrawn.
USTR formally terminated India's GSP beneficiary-developing-country status effective mid-2019, citing inadequate market access for US commerce. No reinstatement was found in any 2025-2026 source reviewed; GSP restoration does not appear as a term in the Feb 2026 deal fact sheets or in reporting on the ongoing BTA talks.
Sept 19, 2025 presidential proclamation imposed a $100,000 fee per H-1B petition, framed by the administration as curbing abuse of the program. Not a goods tariff, but a major cost/friction point for India's IT-services export model, which relies heavily on H-1B placements; raised repeatedly by Indian industry bodies as straining the trade relationship alongside the goods tariffs.
The Feb 2026 joint statement commits both sides to address non-tariff barriers and 'discriminatory digital trade practices,' plus standards issues affecting medical devices, ICT goods, and food products, with India to determine standards acceptability within six months of the statement.
The registry flags the sourcing quality on this section explicitly: the India-side port figures are general container statistics rather than corridor-specific, and the US-side gateway and transit-time entries come from a logistics-industry source rather than a port authority filing.
India's largest/premier container port historically; JNPA official traffic data (cited via Wikipedia) shows 78.05 million tonnes of container traffic in FY2023-24. Serves Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and North India cargo.
India's largest private port; per business press (Hindu Business Line, April 2021), has surpassed JNPT to become India's biggest container port by volume.
Figure cited within the JNPT Wikipedia article referencing Hindu Business Line reporting; not independently verified against Mundra/Adani Ports' own official statistics in this research pass.
Secondary India-side gateways named as US-bound cargo origin points by logistics industry source: Chennai strong in autos/industrial goods, Kolkata serves eastern India, Cochin serves the south.
Source type: business press / logistics-industry corroboration, not an official port authority filing
Primary US destination for India-origin cargo; the two ports together handle roughly 40% of all US containerized imports per industry reporting. Approx. 15-20 day transit from Mumbai.
Source type: business press / logistics-industry corroboration
Largest East Coast gateway for India-US trade; reached via the Panama Canal, approx. 25-35 day transit from India.
Source type: business press / logistics-industry corroboration
Secondary/growing gateways for India-US cargo: Savannah for rail/trucking connectivity, Houston for industrial imports. Approx. 25-30 day transit from India to Houston.
Source type: business press / logistics-industry corroboration
An additional 25% tariff tied to Russian oil purchases stacks on the existing 25% reciprocal tariff, bringing the total to 50% — among the highest US tariff rates on any major economy at the time.
Joint Statement announces an interim agreement: reciprocal tariff cut from 25% to 18%, the 25% Russia-oil penalty removed, India pledges to purchase $500B in US goods over 5 years; framed as a step toward a broader BTA.
6-3 ruling in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump holds IEEPA does not authorize tariffs; voids the global reciprocal-tariff program and India's Russia-oil penalty tariff (both IEEPA-based) effective Feb 24, 2026 — superseding most of the Feb 6 deal's tariff terms within about two weeks. Administration same-day begins pivot to a Section 122 stopgap (10%, effective Feb 24, 2026).
Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal states India remains engaged with the US for a mutually beneficial trade agreement and confirms that, following the Supreme Court ruling, reciprocal tariffs are no longer in effect (the flat 10% Section 122 surcharge on all countries was still running at this point, prior to its July 24 expiration).
Section 122's 150-day, 10% stopgap surcharge expires; USTR's new Section 301 forced-labor action takes its place the same day, again applying 10% to India (covering roughly 55% of Indian exports; the remainder is already Section-232-covered). India's Commerce Ministry says BTA talks 'remain active and constructive.'
The registry records what could not be sourced as well as what could. These are open items, listed exactly as the registry states them — not gaps we have filled from memory or inference.
Numbered to match the markers in the text above. Every figure on this page traces to one of these; nothing is estimated, averaged or carried over from outside the registry.
Data verified 12 August 2026 · rendered from the corridor registry.
Developed by Amit Jain at allfrontierglobal.com
© 2026 All Frontier Global · Panchkula, Haryana, India
Developed by Amit Jain at allfrontierglobal.com · purposed.in · purposed · purposed2 · merchcomp.com · uuka.org
Compiled reference — verify current specifics at the source.
A question, a correction, or something you'd like covered. It goes straight to his inbox — no list, no newsletter.