Rendered from the All Frontier Global corridor registry · every figure below carries a numbered source
India and the European Union concluded FTA negotiations on 27 January 2026[1]. Concluded is not in force: the text is published for information only and still has legal revision, signature, European Parliament consent and Indian ratification ahead of it[2]. This page renders the corridor registry record — the two sides’ own trade statistics reported separately rather than reconciled, the commodity split, the issues the concluded text left open, and the dates nobody has set yet.
Negotiations for the India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA/BTIA) were concluded on 27 January 2026, jointly announced by PM Narendra Modi and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen at the 16th India-EU Summit. Officials describe it as the largest FTA either side has concluded. It is not yet signed or ratified: the negotiated text has been published for information purposes only and remains subject to legal revision/translation, Council adoption, signature, European Parliament consent, and Indian ratification before entry into force.[1][6]
Talks have a long history: originally started in 2007 and stalled in 2013, they were relaunched on 17 June 2022, alongside parallel tracks for an Investment Protection Agreement and a Geographical Indications Agreement[7]. The last full negotiating round before conclusion was round 14 in Brussels, beginning 6 October 2025[8].
The European Commission has published the texts — 20 chapters plus annexes — “for information purposes only”, noting they “may undergo further modifications”[9]. The sequence still to run is: legal scrubbing/translation → Commission proposal to Council → Council adoption → signature → European Parliament consent → Council conclusion decision → Indian ratification → entry into force[2]. No signature or entry-into-force date has been set as of the access date.
Indian government confirmations of conclusion: [10][5]
The two sides count this corridor differently — different calendar, different currency, different methodology. The registry carries both series side by side and reconciles neither.
| Measure | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total goods trade | EUR 118.36 bn | 2025 |
| EU exports to India | EUR 48.883 bn | 2025 |
| EU imports from India | EUR 69.477 bn | 2025 |
| EU trade balance | EUR 20.594 bn deficit for EU / surplus for India | 2025 |
| Measure | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Total goods trade | US$136.54 bn | FY2024-25 |
| India’s exports to the EU | US$75.85 bn | FY2024-25 |
| Measure | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total services trade | EUR 67 bn provisional | 2025 |
| EU exports to India | EUR 29.3 bn | 2025 |
| EU imports from India | EUR 37.9 bn | 2025 |
Over the decade to 2025 the Council of the EU records goods trade up 84%[4] and services trade up 190% — the source’s own wording is that services trade “almost doubled”[4]. Taking goods and services together the Commission cites a rounded headline of about EUR 180 bn annually[6].
These are projections made at conclusion, not measured outcomes. The Commission expects the FTA to double EU goods exports to India by 2032[6] and to save about EUR 4 bn a year in tariffs on European products[6]. India’s government states that 99% of Indian exports would gain preferential EU market access[5].
| Category | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery and appliances | EUR 17.749 bn | 36.3% |
| Chemicals and allied products | EUR 6.633 bn | 13.6% |
| Transport equipment | EUR 6.199 bn | 12.7% |
| Base metals and articles | EUR 4.873 bn | 10% |
| Optical and photographic instruments | EUR 3.673 bn | 7.5% |
| Category | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Chemicals and related products | EUR 16.548 bn | 23.8% |
| Machinery and appliances | EUR 15.684 bn | 22.6% |
| Manufactured goods (material-based) | EUR 13.868 bn | 20% |
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles | EUR 9.735 bn | 14% |
| Mineral fuels and lubricants | EUR 5.055 bn | 7.3% |
This is a named list, not a value ranking, and it supplements rather than replaces the DG Trade breakdown above: Textiles, Leather, Marine products, Gems and jewellery, Handicrafts, Engineering goods. The ministry cites a combined value of about US$33 bn at conclusion[10].
The registry records six issues on this corridor, listed here as it states them, each with the date attached to that status.
FTA provides 'calibrated and carefully crafted quota-based auto liberalisation.' Indian import tariffs on EU cars cut from 110% to as low as 10% within a quota; auto-parts tariffs fully eliminated after 5-10 years.
Indian import tariff on EU wine cut from 150% to 75% on entry into force, falling to 20% over the phase-out period.
India did NOT secure a CBAM exemption or carve-out. A European Commission spokesperson confirmed 'no commitment on the part of the EU to change our obligations with regard to CBAM, or grant India more favourable treatment' — India gets the same CBAM treatment as any other third country. The FTA instead formalises a technical implementation dialogue and a climate-cooperation platform launching mid-2026. CBAM was described as among the most contentious topics alongside steel and automobiles.
India is not among the countries/territories with an EU (GDPR Art. 45) data-adequacy decision. The European Commission's official current list is: Andorra, Argentina, Brazil, Canada (commercial orgs), Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Israel, Isle of Man, Japan, Jersey, New Zealand, South Korea, Switzerland, UK, US (Data Privacy Framework), plus the European Patent Organisation. India is not mentioned on that page as pending or under assessment. The concluded FTA has a Digital Trade chapter but that is separate from, and does not constitute, a GDPR adequacy decision.
Trade policy expert (Abhijit Das) noted the FTA's economic assessments largely predate EUDR, which enters into force in December 2026, and that implementation/compliance concerns for Indian exporters remain unaddressed by the concluded text.
Ambiguity flagged between India's TRIPS-compliant framing of IP commitments and the EU's 'high level of protection' language, which some experts read as potential TRIPS-Plus obligations affecting pharmaceuticals and seeds.
As of the access date the agreement is concluded but not signed. Remaining steps: legal revision/translation, Commission proposal, Council adoption, signature, European Parliament consent, Council conclusion decision, and Indian ratification — no dates set for any of these.
India's premier container port; handles approximately 50% of India's total containerised cargo volume across major ports; ranked 23rd among the world's top 100 container ports; connects to 200+ global ports.
Publisher: Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (Government of India)
Mundra, Hazira, Kolkata, Haldia, Visakhapatnam (Vizag), Cochin, Tuticorin, Ennore, Mangalore, Kakinada — served via carrier deep-sea and feeder network on the eastbound/westbound India-Europe trade.
Publisher: MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company) — official trade-lane service profile
Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Le Havre, London Gateway, Felixstowe — principal North Sea / Channel gateways for India-Europe container services.
Publisher: MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company) — official trade-lane service profile
Record India-linked throughput; India ranked 6th among Hamburg's most important maritime trading partners; container throughput with India grew ~20% from 2020-2024, then surged further in 2025.
Recorded volume: 290,000 TEU (2025), year-on-year growth 50%.
Publisher: xpert.digital (business/trade press, corroboration only)
Publisher: NewsOnAir (All India Radio, Government of India)
Publisher: European Commission
Publisher: Carbon Pulse
The registry records what could not be sourced as well as what could. These are open items, listed exactly as the registry states them — not gaps we have filled from memory or inference.
Numbered to match the markers in the text above. Every figure on this page traces to one of these; nothing is estimated, averaged or carried over from outside the registry.
Data verified 12 August 2026 · rendered from the corridor registry.
Developed by Amit Jain at allfrontierglobal.com
© 2026 All Frontier Global · Panchkula, Haryana, India
Developed by Amit Jain at allfrontierglobal.com · purposed.in · purposed · purposed2 · merchcomp.com · uuka.org
Compiled reference — verify current specifics at the source.
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